Holothuroidea |
Synallactida |
Stichopodidae
محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع
بوم شناسي
Benthic; تغييرات عمق 0 - 200 m (مرجع 635), usually 50 - 100 m (مرجع 635). Subtropical; ? - 30°C (مرجع 77134), preferred 16°C (مرجع 107945); 63°N - 31°N, 117°E - 165°E (مرجع 112755)
Northwest Pacific: Japan (from Hokkaido to Kyushu), China, Korean Peninsula and Far Eastern Russia (Karaginskogo Island).
طول در اولین بلوغ / اندازه / وزن / سن
بلوغ: Lm ?, range 20 - ? cm Max length : 30.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 101467)
Common in shallow coastal bottom communities from the intertidal zone to depths more than 100 m. Forms aggregations, usually in the upper sublittoral zone (Ref. 635). May occur in three color variants: red type often found in offshore gravel beds while the green and black types often at inshore sandy-muddy bottoms (Ref. 77132). Juveniles often associated with algal/seagrass and oyster beds (Ref. 621). Most commercially important sea cucumber species (for trade, food and traditional medicine both; fisheries and farming/ranching) in China (Ref. 77133). Aquaculture now widespread in northern coast of China (Ref. 77133) since wild populations became over-exploited in the 1990s. Chinese aquaculture production peaked at 65,283 tons in 2005 (Ref. 77133). A sediment-feeder and bio-scavenger; ingests organic matter in sediment, e.g., bacteria, protozoa, diatoms, plant and animal debris including faeces (Ref. 77143).
چرخه زندگی و رفتار جفتگیری
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | باروری | توزاد ( لارو)
Members of the class Holothuroidea are gonochoric and have only one gonad. Spawning and fertilization are both external and some exhibit brooding. Life cycle: Embryos develop into planktotrophic larvae (auricularia) then into doliolaria (barrel-shaped stage) which later metamorphose into juvenile sea cucumbers.
مآخذ اصلی
مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
Kan-no, M. and A. Kijima 2003 Genetic differentiation among three color variants of Japanese sea cucumber Stichopus jamponicus. Fisheries Science 69:806-812. (مرجع 77132)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN
(مرجع 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
وضعيت از نظر سايتس (مرجع 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; آبزي پروري: تجاري
FAO - Aquaculture Systems: نمايه گونه, production search; ماهي گيري – شيلات: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | دریای اطراف ما
ابزارها
اطلاعات بيشتر
مرتبط با انسانتمبر، سکه، متفرقه.
منابع اينترنتي
تخمینها بر اساس مدلها
آسیبپذیری ماهیگیری
(مرجع 71543) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100). |
آسیبپذیری اقلیمی
(مرجع 125649) |
Low vulnerability (8 of 100) |
طبقه قيمت
(مرجع 80766): |
High. |
Nutrients
|
Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 16.6 [15.4, 17.8] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.263, 0.400] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |
