Holothuroidea |
Synallactida |
Stichopodidae
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
Benthic; 深度上下限 0 - 200 m (参考文献 635), usually 50 - 100 m (参考文献 635). Subtropical; ? - 30°C (参考文献 77134), preferred 16°C (参考文献 107945); 63°N - 31°N, 117°E - 165°E (参考文献 112755)
Northwest Pacific: Japan (from Hokkaido to Kyushu), China, Korean Peninsula and Far Eastern Russia (Karaginskogo Island).
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ?, range 20 - ? cm Max length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (参考文献 101467)
Common in shallow coastal bottom communities from the intertidal zone to depths more than 100 m. Forms aggregations, usually in the upper sublittoral zone (Ref. 635). May occur in three color variants: red type often found in offshore gravel beds while the green and black types often at inshore sandy-muddy bottoms (Ref. 77132). Juveniles often associated with algal/seagrass and oyster beds (Ref. 621). Most commercially important sea cucumber species (for trade, food and traditional medicine both; fisheries and farming/ranching) in China (Ref. 77133). Aquaculture now widespread in northern coast of China (Ref. 77133) since wild populations became over-exploited in the 1990s. Chinese aquaculture production peaked at 65,283 tons in 2005 (Ref. 77133). A sediment-feeder and bio-scavenger; ingests organic matter in sediment, e.g., bacteria, protozoa, diatoms, plant and animal debris including faeces (Ref. 77143).
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Members of the class Holothuroidea are gonochoric and have only one gonad. Spawning and fertilization are both external and some exhibit brooding. Life cycle: Embryos develop into planktotrophic larvae (auricularia) then into doliolaria (barrel-shaped stage) which later metamorphose into juvenile sea cucumbers.
主要参考文献
参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Kan-no, M. and A. Kijima 2003 Genetic differentiation among three color variants of Japanese sea cucumber Stichopus jamponicus. Fisheries Science 69:806-812. (参考文献 77132)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书
(参考文献 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
濒危 (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 19 May 2010
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
对人类的威胁
Harmless
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性
FAO - Aquaculture Systems: 物种外形, production search; 渔业: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | 周边海洋
工具
网络资源
基于模型的估算
渔业脆弱性
(参考文献 71543) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100). |
气候脆弱性
(参考文献 125649) |
Low vulnerability (8 of 100) |
价格分类
(参考文献 80766): |
High. |
Nutrients
|
Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 16.6 [15.4, 17.8] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.263, 0.400] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |
